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| Nepal's Languages |
PALPA
3,002
(1961 census)
Western,
town of Palpa
Alternate
names: PAHARI-PALPA. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian,
Indo-Aryan, Northern zone, Eastern Pahari.
PANCHGAUNLE
Mustang
District, Dhawalagiri Zone. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
PHANGDUWALI
hangduwa
village, Pakhribas Panchayat, Chankuta District, directly above the headwaters
of the Mugakhola
Alternate names: PHANGDUWALI POTI, PHANGDUVALI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
PONGYONG
Ilam
District, Kannyam Panchayat, Ambikau
Alternate
names: PONYON KULUNG, SAMAKULUNG, KULUNG PUN. Classification: Sino-Tibetan,
Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern. Nearly
extinct.
PUMA
3,000
Northwestern
slopes of the Rapcha Range from the highest peaks to the Shwahkola Valley,
directly south of the Khotang Bajar
Alternate
names: PUMA PIMA, PUMA LA, PUMA KALA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan,
Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
RAJBANGSI
85,558
in Nepal, 0.46% of the population (1991 census.
Mechi
Zone, Jhapa District; Koshi Zone, Morang District
Alternate
names: RAJBANSI, TAJPURI, KOCH, KOCHE
Dialects:
KURTHA. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese.
RAJI
3,000
or more
Bheri
Zone, Surkhet and Bardia districts, Seti Zone, Kailaki District
Alternate
names: RAJIBAR. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Mahakiranti, Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwari, Magar.
RANGKAS
Population
total both countries 600
Alternate
names: RANGKHAS. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Tibeto-Kanauri, Western Himalayish, Almora.
RAUTE
475,
including 130 nomadic Raute (1997 Singh)
Mainly
in western Nepal, Seti, Rapti, Bheri, Karnali, and Dhaulagiri zones; Surkhet,
Pyuthan, Jajakot, Achham, Doti, Jumla, Dolpa, Banke districts
Alternate
names: RAUTYE, HARKA GURUNG, KHAMCHI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan,
Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Western.
RAWAT
15,175
in Nepal, 0.98% of the population (1991 census)
Population
total both countries 17,175 to 18,175 or more
Alternate
names: JANGGALI, JANGALI, JHANGAR, DZANGGALI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan,
Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Western Himalayish, Janggali.
SAAM
Southern
Ilam District
Alternate
names: SAAM RAI, SAMAKHA, SAAMA KHA
Dialects:
BUNGLA, SAMBYA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern. Nearly extinct.
SANGPANG
5,000
to 7,000
From
Dingla, Bhojpur District in the northeast to Kharpa in the southwest. The
upper ridges south and east of the Rawakhola Valley and adjoining ridges
in the northeast where the headwaters of the main tributaries of the lower
and middle Arun River
Alternate
names: SAMPANG, SAMPANGE RAI, SANGPANG KHA, SANGPANG GUN,
Dialects:
TANA, HALUMBUNG (WAKCHALI), SAMARUNG, BHALU, TONGECCHA, PHALI, KHARTAMCHE,
KHOTANG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
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SANTALI
33,332
in Nepal (1991 census)
Koshi
Zone, Morang District; Mechi Zone, Jhapa District
Alternate
names: SATAR, SANTHALI, SONTHAL, SANDAL, SANGTAL, SANTAL, SENTALI, SAINTI,
HOR, HAR. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari,
Santali.
SHERPA
30,000
in Nepa
Population
total all countries 49,895
Alternate
names: SHARPA, SHARPA BHOTIA, XIAERBA, SERWA
Dialects:
SOLU, KHUMBU, RAMECHAAP. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Southern. More information.
SONHA
10,000
Along
Karnali River in western Nepal, Kailali District, Seti Zone; Bheri River,
Bheri Zone, Mahakali River, Mahakali Zone.
Alternate
names: SONAHAA. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Central zone
SUNWAR
30,000
to 40,000
Eastern
hills, Ramechhap District, Janakpur Zone, and northwestern Okhaldhunga
District
Alternate
names: SUNUWAR, SUNBAR, SUNWARI, MUKHIYA, KWOICO LO.
Dialects: SUREL. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwari, Sunwari.
TAMANG,
EASTERN
584,097
to 718,048 in Nepal, 3.26% of the population (1991 census).
904,456
all Tamang languages (1991 census)
Another
estimate is 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 all Tamang speakers (1994 Tamang Society
representative). 23,645 second language speakers of all Tamang (1991 census).
Tamang is the largest Tibeto-Burman language in Nepal. Population total
all countries 584,000 to 718,000 or more.
Dialects:
OUTER-EASTERN TAMANG, CENTRAL-EASTERN TAMANG, SOUTHWESTERN TAMANG.
Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri,
Tibetic, Tamangic.
TAMANG,
EASTERN GORKHA
3,000
to 4,000
North
Gorkha District, Gandaki Zone, south and east of Jagat.
Dialects:
KASIGAON, KEROUNJA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
TAMANG,
NORTHWESTERN
55,000
or more, 0.30% of population (1991 census)
Bagmati
Zone, Nuwakot District, central mountainous strip. Migrations to the Terai.
Dialects:
DHADING. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
TAMANG,
SOUTHWESTERN
109,051
or 0.59% of the population (1991 census).
Western
Makwanpur and Chitwan districts, and south and southwest of those districts.
It may extend to the western and northwestern parts of Kathmandu District.
Migrations to Terai. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
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TAMANG,
WESTERN
186,408
to 320,350, 1% to 1.73% of population (1991 census)
Bagmati
Zone, western Nuwakot, Rasuwa, Dhading, and parts of Gorkha districts,
and other districts to the west and possibly southwest, central mountainous
strip. Migrations to the Terai
Alternate
names: MURMI
Dialects:
TRISULI (NUWAKOT), RASUWA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
THAKAL
7,113
or 0.04% of the population (1991 census)
Dhaulagiri
Zone, Mustang District, Thak Khola, the mid Kali Gandaki Valley, with Annapurna
Himal on one side and Dhaulagiri Himal on the other, from Tatopani village
in the south to Jomosom in the north. Many live outside the area. Tukche
is the cultural center. Tukche dialect is in all Southern Thak Khola and
Jomosom, Syang in Syang, Thini, and Chimang.
Alternate
names: TAPAANG, THAKSYA
Dialects: TUKCHE (THAKALI), MARPHA, SYANG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tamangic.
THAMI
14,400
(1991 census)
Population
total both countries 14,400.
Alternate
names: THANGMI
Dialects: EASTERN THAMI, WESTERN THAMI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Western Himalayish, Eastern.
THARU,
CHITWANIA
80,000
or more ( 1991 census)
993,388
all Tharu, 5.32% of the population (1991 census)
Population
total both countries 80,000 or more.
Alternate
names: CHITUAN THARU, CHITAWAN THARU. Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, .
THARU,
DANGAURA
300,000
or more in Nepal (1991 census)
993,388
all Tharu, 5.37% of the population (1991 census)
Population
total both countries 343,000
Alternate
names: DANG THARU. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Central zone
THARU,
DEOKHURI
80,000
(1981 census)
Rapti
Zone, Dang District
Alternate
names: DEOKHAR, DEOKRI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian,
Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, .
THARU,
KATHORIYA
60,000
Population
total both countries 60,000 or more. Alternate names: KATHARIYA.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone
.
THARU,
KOCHILA
250,000
or more (1991 census)
Population
total both countries 250,000 or more.
Alternate
names: SAPTARI.
Dialects: MORANGIA. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, .
THARU,
MAHOTARI
32,000
(1981 census)
Janakpur
Zone, Mahottari District
Alternate
names: MAHOTTARI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Eastern zone, .
THARU,
RANA
200,000
in Nepal (1991 census)
Population
total both countries 264,000. Alternate names: RANA THAKUR.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone,
.
THUDAM
BHOTE
Mechi
Zone, Taplejung District, northern. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, .
THULUNG
25,000
in Nepal
Population
total both countries 28,300.
Alternate
names: THULUNGE RAI, DEUSALI, DEOSALI, THULU LUWA, THULULOA, THULUNG LA,
THOLONG LO, THULUNG JEMU, TOAKU LWA
Dialects:
LANNACHYO. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Western.
TIBETAN
60,000
in Nepal
Alternate
names: BHOTIA, ZANG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Central.
TICHURONG
1,500
Dolpa
District, Karnali Zone, in the basin of the Bheri River
Alternate
names: TICHERONG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Central.
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TILUNG
1,000
or fewer
Halesidanda
Range in the outer west of Khotang District, between Dudhkosi and Sunkosi
Alternate
names: TILING, TILLING, TILUNG BLAMA
Dialects:
CHOSKULE, DORUNKECHA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Western.
TSEKU
Mechi
zone far east
Alternate
names: TSUKU, TZUKU. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Central.
TSUM
2,200
to 3,500
Gandaki
Zone, northern Gorkha District, Tsum area, the region drained by the Shiar
Khola north of Ganesh Himal. Chekampar (Chokong) is the prestige village.
Alternate
names: TSUMGE. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish,
Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Central.
WALING
Khairang
Panchayat, Bhojpur District
Alternate
names: WALUNG, WALÚNG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
WALUNGGE
10,000
to 15,000, including 3,500 in the original area
Population
total both countries 10,000 to 15,000
Alternate
names: OLANGCHUNG GOLA, WALUNGCHUNG GOLA, WALUNG, WALUNGGI KECCYA.
Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri,
Tibetic, Tibetan, Central.
WAYU
1,500
Janakpur
Zone, Ramechhap and Sindhuli districts, on the hills on both sides of the
Sun Kosi River
Alternate
names: HAYU, VAYU, WAYO. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwari, Chepang.
YAKHA
8,000
to 10,000 in Nepal
Population
total both countries 8,000 to 10,000 or more.
Alternate
names: YAKKHA, YAKKHABA, YAKKHABA CEA, YAKKHABA SALA, DEWANSALA.
Dialects: NORTHERN YAKHA, SOUTHERN YAKHA, EASTERN YAKHA. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
YAMPHE
3,000
to 5,000
Makalu
Panchayat, both sides of the upper Arun River, northern Sankhuwasawa. To
the south, the Jaljale Himal east of the Arun and the Apsuwakhola west
of the Arun; to the north as far as the Leksuwakhola and Barun rivers.
Alternate
names: YAMPHU, NEWAHANG YAMPHE, YAMPHE KHA
Dialects:
SIBAO-YAMPHE, PA-O. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman,
Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
YAMPHU
5,000
Eastern
hills, upper Arun Valley, Matsayapokhari Panchayat, Sankhuwasawa District,
extreme north of the Northern Lorung area, directly southwest of the Jaljale
Mountains, Koshi, Mechi zones
Alternate
names: YAMPHU RAI, YAMPHU KHA, YANPHU, YAMPHE. Classification: Sino-Tibetan,
Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Eastern.
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